What can cause static electricity to accumulate?

Static electricity accumulates primarily due to the physical contact and movement of objects. This process, known as triboelectric charging, occurs when two materials come into contact and electrons are transferred from one to the other, resulting in a buildup of electric charge. When these materials are separated, the accumulated charge can create a static electricity discharge, which is often observed as a small spark.

For instance, when a person walks across a carpet, the friction between their shoes and the carpet can cause electrons to move, leading to a buildup of static electricity in the body. This is why static electricity is commonly experienced in dry conditions where such movements are more pronounced.

While rubber soles on shoes can contribute to static buildup by reducing grounding and insulation, the key factor is the direct contact and movement of different materials. Therefore, the accumulation of static electricity is most directly linked to the action of physical contact and object movement, where charge transfer occurs.