What is defined as any current in gross excess of the rated current of equipment?

The term that defines any current that exceeds the rated current of the equipment is "overcurrent." This concept encompasses various electrical scenarios in which the current flowing through a conductor or device surpasses its designed capacity. Such conditions can lead to overheating and potential failure of electrical systems if not appropriately managed.

Overcurrent can result from overload situations, where the equipment is subjected to more current than it can safely handle over time, or from a fault condition, such as a short circuit, where electricity flows along an unintended path with little to no resistance. It’s crucial for fire investigation technicians to understand this terminology, as overcurrent can be a key factor in electrical fires and safety evaluations.

In contrast, "overload" specifically refers to a sustained condition where the load exceeds the ratings; "short circuit" involves a sudden surge of current due to improper connections; and "ground fault" occurs when current flows directly to the ground, bypassing the normal paths. Each term describes distinct electrical issues, but standardizing knowledge around the broader concept of overcurrent is essential for effective fire safety and investigation practices.