What is required to establish a single phase system?

To establish a single phase system, it requires one line conductor and one neutral conductor. This configuration allows for the distribution of electrical power utilizing a single alternating current (AC) waveform. The line conductor carries the current to the load, while the neutral conductor provides a return path to complete the circuit, maintaining electrical balance and safety.

In a single-phase system, the voltage supply is typically delivered through two wires—the line wire (or hot) and the neutral. The single-phase system is mainly used for residential lighting and small power applications. It is characterized by a relatively lower voltage and simpler wiring, making it ideal for many common electrical applications.

Other configurations, such as those involving two line conductors (used in two-phase systems or certain three-phase systems), or combinations with multiple neutrals, do not align with the standard requirements of a single-phase system.